Dott. Giuseppe Di Maio
Dental diastema is the separation between two teeth, usually visible between the upper central incisors. Also known as a “window”, it can represent a distinctive feature or be experienced as an aesthetic defect. In some cases, however, the diastema can also have functional or periodontal implications.
In this article we analyze what diastema is, what the most common causes are and what treatments are available to correct it, with the aim of informing and guiding the patient towards an informed choice.
What is dental diastema
The diastema is a visible space between two teeth, usually the two upper central incisors. It is more frequent in children during mixed dentition, but can also persist into adulthood.
Although it is often harmless, diastema can be a source of aesthetic discomfort for some patients, or lead to complications related to masticatory function or gingival health, depending on the entity and the cause that generated it.
Causes of dental diastema
The causes of diastema can be different. The most common include:
1. Disharmony between tooth size and jaw
When the teeth are too small compared to the size of the maxillary arch, they may not be able to occupy all the available space, thus creating visible spaces between them.
2. Hypertrophic labial frenulum
Another common cause is a gingival frenulum that is too thick or positioned too low. This tissue, if excessively developed, can prevent the natural approach of the central incisors, maintaining or widening the space between them.
3. Periodontal factors
In some cases, diastema is the consequence of evolutionary gingivitis or bone loss in the incisive area. The interdental papilla can be damaged, resulting in a visible space between the teeth.
When dental diastema can become a problem
Although diastema is often considered just a cosmetic defect, it should not be underestimated. When it is caused by gum disease or dental malposition, it can compromise:
- The masticatory function
- Phonetics (for example in the pronunciation of some letters)
- Occlusal balance
- Gum health, exposing the area to greater risk of inflammation
In all these cases it is important to undergo a specialist dental examination to assess whether treatment is necessary.
Treatments for dental diastema
Treatment of diastema depends on the cause, width of the space, and patient preference..
1. No intervention (observation)
If the diastema is minimal and does not cause cosmetic or functional problems, it can be left as is. It is a particularly suitable solution for those who consider the “window” a distinctive feature of their smile.
2. Orthodontics (braces)
In young patients or when there is dental malalignment, orthodontic treatment is often the most suitable solution. With the use of fixed or mobile appliances, the space can be gradually closed over 6 months to 2 years, depending on the severity of the case.
3. Ceramic or porcelain dental veneers
If the diastema exceeds 1 mm and the patient wants a quick aesthetic solution, dental veneers can be opted for. These are thin sheets that are applied to the external surface of the teeth to modify their shape and size, visually closing the space.
Veneers are highly aesthetic and represent one of the most requested solutions in the field of aesthetic dentistry.