A tooth turning black is a sign that should never be ignored. The color change can depend on various factors — some harmless, others more serious — and always requires a dental evaluation. In this article we analyze why a tooth can become black, what to do in these cases and what are the most effective treatments to restore the natural color of the smile.
The main causes of a black tooth
1. Advanced caries
Among the most common causes is untreated dental caries. As tooth decay progresses deeply, the enamel and dentin darken to black. In these cases the tooth may appear “dead” and is often accompanied by pain, sensitivity or gum swelling.
2. Pulp necrosis (devitalized or dead tooth)
Also due to pulp necrosis, or the death of the internal tissue of the tooth due to trauma, deep decay or infection, a tooth can become black.
The necrotic tooth loses vitality and over time takes on a dark gray or black color. In this case, endodontic treatment (root canal) is necessary to remove the necrotic tissue and save the tooth.
3. Dental trauma
Following a blow or fall they can damage the blood vessels inside the tooth, causing internal microhemorrhage.
The coagulated blood inside the pulp can cause dark pigmentation of the tooth, even weeks or months after the trauma.
4. External stains and superficial pigmentations
A black tooth is not always a sign of a pathology. Sometimes, the cause is simply the accumulation of pigments from:
- coffee, tea, red wine or cigarette.
- poor oral hygiene
Long-term use of mouthwashes containing chlorhexidine
In these cases, a professional cleaning or teeth whitening can restore the natural color.
5. Dark fillings or dental materials
Some old metal fillings or amalgams can cause unsightly dark pigmentation of the teeth or gums.
It is possible to replace them with aesthetic composite or ceramic materials, for a more natural result.
What to do if a tooth turns black
Do not attempt home remedies
Brushing vigorously, using bicarbonate or whitening products is not the solution. You could further damage your enamel or irritate your gums.
Contact your dentist immediately
The most important thing is to identify the cause. The dentist, via x-ray or clinical examination, will evaluate whether the problem is external or internal and will propose the most suitable therapy:
Devitalization in case of pulpal necrosis
Caries removal and reconstruction
Professional cleaning or whitening if it involves superficial pigments
Replacing obsolete or dark fillings
Is it possible to whiten a black tooth?
Yes, but it depends on the cause.
If the tooth is alive and the stains are superficial, it is possible to intervene with professional whitening treatments in the office.
If the tooth is devitalized or necrotic, internal whitening can be performed, a safe dental procedure that works from inside the tooth to restore a lighter and more uniform color.
How to prevent teeth from turning black?
To prevent your teeth from darkening over time, it is important:
maintain thorough daily oral hygiene (toothbrush, floss and mouthwash)
limit the consumption of pigmenting foods and drinks
quit smoking
undergo regular check-ups and professional cleanings
promptly treat tooth decay and dental trauma
When to worry about a black tooth
In the event that a tooth suddenly turns black, or changes color after trauma or pain, an immediate check-up is required.
Early intervention can avoid more serious infections, such as an abscess or tooth loss.
A black tooth is not just a cosmetic problem: it is often a sign of something wrong with your dental health.
For a personalized assessment, book a visit at Studio Dentistico Trapani – Di Maio a Sorrento: our team will guide you towards the most suitable solution for the health and beauty of your teeth.