Periodontology is the branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of periodontal disease or periodontitis (known in the past as pyorrhea).
This inflammatory pathology affects the supporting tissues of the tooth – gum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone – progressively compromising dental stability.
What is periodontal disease
Periodontitis is mainly caused by bacterial plaque microorganisms, which in genetically predisposed patients can trigger chronic inflammation.
If not treated early, the gum moves away from the tooth, forming periodontal pockets that favor the accumulation of bacteria. The inflammation causes the resorption of the bone with consequent tooth mobility and, in the most serious cases, loss of the elements.
Main symptoms of periodontitis
- Gums that bleed easily
- Persistent bad breath
- Red or swollen gums
- Gum recession (teeth appearing longer)
- Widening spaces between teeth
- Dental mobility
Recognizing these symptoms in the early stages is essential to intervene promptly.
How periodontal disease is treated
The treatment involves two phases:
- Non-surgical periodontal therapy
- Professional scaling (deep cleaning)
- Root planing (scaling and root planing)
- Personalized oral hygiene instructions
- Removal of local irritating factors (overhanging fillings, inappropriate prostheses)
- Surgical periodontal therapy (only if necessary)
- Reduction of periodontal pockets
- Regeneration of periodontal tissues
- Realignment of the gums for better access to hygiene
Prevention of periodontitis
Prevention is based on:
- Scrupulous home oral hygiene
- Periodic visits to the dentist
- Professional hygiene sessions every 6 months
- Elimination of bad habits such as smoking
- Control of systemic diseases that promote inflammation (e.g. diabetes)
FAQ
Can periodontitis be cured?
If diagnosed early, it can be treated and controlled, avoiding tooth loss.
What is the difference between gingivitis and periodontitis?
Gingivitis is a reversible superficial inflammation, periodontitis affects the deep supporting tissues and is irreversible if left untreated.
Is periodontitis hereditary?
There is a genetic predisposition, but oral hygiene and regular checks are crucial to prevent it.
How long does periodontal treatment last?
It depends on the severity of the case. The initial non-surgical phase may require 2-4 sessions, followed by periodic checks.
Can periodontal disease affect overall health?
Yes. Scientific studies have highlighted a link between periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and pregnancy complications.